Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

UnderstandingDengue hemorrhagic fever is an infection caused by dengue virus. This dengue virus is transmitted through Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Dengue hemorrhagic fever can make the sufferer experience severe pain as if his bone is broken. In some patients, dengue hemorrhagic fever can be a very life-threatening disease.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in IndonesiaDengue hemorrhagic fever is still one of the public health problems in Indonesia. The extent of the outbreak is the highest among Southeast Asian countries.
Throughout the year 2013, the Ministry of Health noted there were 103,649 patients with death toll reaching 754 people. The involvement of doctors in primary health care is needed to reduce the incidence and mortality of dengue fever.
Complications in dengue hemorrhagic fever can cause damage to a number of organs, such as lungs, liver, and heart. Blood pressure can also decrease drastically, to a very dangerous level and can lead to death.

Diagnosis
In the laboratory examination at the beginning of the fever phase, normal white blood cells will be found. Then, the amount will decrease during the fever phase.

The number of red blood cells at the beginning of fever in general will also remain normal. However, the decrease in the amount is usually found between the third day to the seventh. Therefore, this red blood cell examination needs to be repeated.

Keep in mind that the increase in red blood cells is always found in dengue hemorrhagic fever. This is an indicator of the leakage of plasma, where blood cells should be stored. Chest x-rays can also be done to see the leakage of fluid into the chest cavity.

Symptoms
A sudden high fever of up to 39 degrees Celsius is the main symptom of dengue hemorrhagic fever. This fever will last for 2-7 days, then drop quickly and usually followed by the following signs:

• Headache
• Chills and weakness
• Pain behind the eyes, muscles, and bones
• Skin rash to redness
• Difficulty swallowing food and drink
• Nausea and vomiting

Furthermore, the above signs will be followed by signs of bleeding, such as:

• Bleeding gums
• Nosebleed
• Red spots appear on the skin
• Vomiting blood
• Black bowel movements

In the fever phase, dengue hemorrhagic fever is usually followed by a critical phase for 2-3 days. In this critical phase the body temperature decreases, until the body parts such as hands and feet are cold and usually feel like it has healed. In fact, in this phase you must be vigilant, because it can occur dengue shock syndrome that can be life-threatening. 

TreatmentThe initial treatment of dengue hemorrhagic fever can be done at home. The principle is that patients should consume plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, which leads to a decrease in platelets and shock. Consumption of 2-3 liters per day is a must.
Dehydration can result from high fever, difficulty swallowing food and drink, and vomiting. Types of recommended beverages are fruit juice, sweet tea, syrup, milk, and oralit solution. If oral fluids can not be administered, patients should be treated for intravenous fluids.
Patients are expected to rest completely during fever as well as phase shock. It is also important to always monitor platelet levels and blood cell levels in the blood until they reach the normal limit again.
To overcome the fever, can be done full body compress, especially in the armpit and groin. Paracetamol may also help to reduce fever. After all done, immediately bring the patient to the hospital to prevent complications arise. 

Prevention
Basically, efforts to prevent dengue hemorrhagic fever can be done by keeping the house clean. In addition, make sure you also maintain the cleanliness of the environment around you.

The best way to control Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is to get rid of their habitat. You must empty the open water container, so that the mosquitoes can not lay their eggs inside the open containers.

To prevent mosquito bites, you can wear clothes that cover the skin completely. Using a lotion and mosquito net while resting can also help. 

Cause
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is caused by dengue virus that is transmitted to humans through Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. When the dengue virus infects mosquitoes and mosquitoes bite humans, it can deliver the virus into the body.

Aedes aegypti is generally smaller in size, thick black body with two white vertical lines on the back and horizontal white stripes on the legs. These mosquitoes usually 'work' from morning to evening, although sometimes also bite at night. He likes dark and cool places, so it's more common in the house than outside the hot house.

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