Dementia

Understanding
Dementia is often mistaken for dementia. But actually, dementia is not a disease but a symptom of a disease. This disorder is characterized by a decreased memory or a condition in which a person has difficulty remembering something from his memory.

This condition can also cause interference in the language, as well as the inability to perform daily activities. For example, easily get lost while driving.

Although memory loss often occurs in people who are senile due to dementia, memory loss does not mean making someone suffering from dementia. A reduced level of memory can be a normal aging process.

ComplicationsDementia that is not handled properly can lead to complications such as:

• Nutrition is not sufficient

Many people with dementia because of dementia will reduce or stop eating and drinking in the end. They may forget to eat and think they've eaten.
Changes in meal times or noise surrounding noise can also interfere with their eating activities. Often, dementia or severe dementia create a loss of control on the muscles used to chew and swallow.
It may create a risk of choking or feeding into the lungs. If this happens, the food may impede breathing and cause pulmonary inflammation.]

• Reduction in hygiene
  

In the case of moderate to severe dementia, the sufferer may lose his ability to perform his daily tasks independently. A person can become incapable of bathing, dressing, washing his hair, brushing her teeth, or using her own toilet.

• Difficulty taking medication
  

This condition greatly affects the ability to remember people with dementia. Therefore, remembering to take the correct amount of medicine at the right time can be a challenge in itself.

• Emotional health setbacks

Dementia can change behavior and personality. Some of these changes can be caused by impaired brain function.While other behavioral and personality changes may be caused by emotional reactions in the face of changes that occur in the brain. Dementia may lead to depression, aggressiveness, confusion, frustration, anxiety, and disorientation disorders.

• Difficulty in communicating
  

As we gain dementia, the sufferer may lose the ability to remember people's names and things and problems in communicating with others or understanding others. Disturbance in communicating this can lead to feelings of anxiety, isolation, and depression.

• Delusions and hallucinations
  

Patients can experience delusions, which are wrong ideas / thoughts about other people or situations. Some people, especially people with dementia who can have visual hallucinations.

• Difficulty sleeping

Someone may have trouble sleeping, like waking up too early. Others can have restless leg syndrome or rapid sleep behavior sleep disorder (REM) that can affect sleep.

• Self-security issues

Due to decreased ability to make decisions and solve problems, some everyday situations can cause insecurity for people with dementia. For example when driving, cooking, falling, getting lost, and overcoming obstacles.

Diagnosis
To determine the diagnosis, the doctor will review the history of the disease first, the current symptoms, and perform a physical examination. Other tests to be performed are cognitive and neuropsychological tests, neurological / neurological examinations, brain CT or MRI scans, blood tests, and psychiatric examinations.

Symptoms
Dementia signs may vary depending on the cause. However, the common signs and symptoms are:

• Changes in the function of reasoning

Loss of memory, difficulty communicating or finding words, difficulty performing complex tasks, difficulty in planning and setting, difficulties in motor function and coordination, and disorientation problems such as getting lost easily. 

• Psychological changes

Personality changes, inability to determine causation, behavioral mismatch, paranoia, anxiety, and hallucinations.

Treatment
Most types of dementia can not be cured. However, your doctor will assist you in managing your symptoms to slow down and minimize the development of symptoms. For example by giving drugs to overcome sleep disorders and therapies that help people adapt to live with dementia.

Some symptoms of dementia and behavior problems can initially be treated with non-drug approaches, such as:

• Environmental modification
• Modification of patient response
• Modify the task

In addition to the above therapies, currently also continue to be developed alternative therapies. For example vitamin E supplements, omega-3 fatty acids, up to Ginkgo biloba. Other techniques can also help reduce anxiety and provide relaxation. For example with music therapy, therapy using pets, aromatherapy, and massage therapy. 

PreventionPrevention of dementia is quite difficult to do. There are, however, some steps that may help:

• Get used to keep the mind active.

Activities that can stimulate the brain, such as puzzles and play of words, and memory exercises can slow down and help reduce the appearance of dementia or dementia.Be active physically and socially
Physical activity and social interaction can slow the emergence of dementia and reduce symptoms.

• Stop smoking

Some studies show that smoking in middle age and older can increase the risk of dementia or dementia and vascular disease. Quitting smoking can reduce that risk.

• Lower blood pressure

High blood pressure may increase the risk of some types of dementia.

• Pursue education

People who spend more time in formal education have lower rates of mental decline, even if they have brain abnormalities.

• Maintain a healthy diet

Eating healthy foods is very important for many reasons. Foods rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish and nuts, are beneficial to overall health and reduce the risk of dementia or dementia. 

Cause
Dementia involves damage to nerve cells in the brain, which can occur in some areas of the brain. These disorders can appear in different forms in each patient, depending on the area of the affected brain.

Dementia because of dementia can also occur due to brain damage caused due to reduced blood flow in the blood vessels of the brain. Problems with this blood vessel can occur for many reasons.

Some of them are stroke, heart valve infection, or other conditions in the blood vessels. Symptoms usually appear suddenly and are often found in people with high blood pressure or who have had a previous stroke or heart attack. 

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